Материалы для тренировки страдательного залога в 7 классе — к уроку — иностранные языки — zalognedvigimosti.ru
Past Indefinite Passive.
7 класс.
1. Read and compare:
Pushkin
wrote
this
poem. This poem was
written by
Pushkin.
The
letter was
written yesterday.
These
exercises were
done
at the last lesson.
The
theatre was
built
in 1970.
The
vegetables were
bought
at the market.
The
holiday meeting was
opened
at 5 o’clock in the hall.
These
novels were
translated
from Russian into English.
Past Indefinite Passive.
2.Read:
1. The
seaside was visited by many people from the town.
2. Four children were
questioned at the Russian lesson yesterday.
3. The question was decided
very quickly by the teacher.
4. The table was laid for
dinner at 3 o’clock.
5. The magazine was put in
the bookcase.
3. Read and pick out
sentences with the Passive:
A.
1. They organized a holiday party on the 22nd
of February.
2. They meeting was
organized in the school hall.
3. They have organized
a literature club in their school.
1. The children
decorated the New Year tree with toys.
2. She has decorated
the room with flowers.
3. The building were
decorated with slogans and flags.
B.
1. The price of the coat was too high.
2. There was a
shop-girl selling ice-cream at the door.
3. The cotton shirt was
bought at the department store.
1. They were free
yesterday evening.
2. The telegram was
sent by my uncle.
3. There was something
interesting in this magazine.
4.
Перепишите предложения, вставляя
глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующей
форме страдательного глагола. Прочитайтенаписанное:
1. The
new library … two years ago. (to build)
2. All the mistakes … by
the teacher. (to correct)
3. At the
meeting at an English university, the winter from St. Petersburg …
questions about life in Russia. (to ask)
4. The table … by me half
an hour ago. (to buy)
5. The portrait of M. Gorky
… on the wall in the reading-room yesterday. (to hang)
6. The umbrella … by
somebody on a tram. (to leave)
5. Read
and compare:
Were
these
exercises done
by you? Yes, they were.
Was
the
letter written
on
Friday or on Sunday? It was
written on
Sunday.
When was
the
postcard sent?
It was
sent last
week.
Who was
this poem written
by? It
was written
by Lermontov.
What were
you
given? I was
given a book of stories by Gaidar.
The letter
was written by him ·
Was
the letter written by him ?
Who
was the letter written by ?
6. Read
and compare
The
telegram was
sent
yesterday. The telegram was
not sent
the day before
The
textbook was
left
at home. yesterday.
These
books were
bought
at the The textbook was
not left
at school.
bookshop. These
vegetables were
not bought
at the
The
postcards were
received
before market.
the
holiday. The letters were
not received
in time.
The letter
was written
yesterday ·
The letter
was not written
the day before ·
7. Read:
The windows were not opened
before the lesson.
The boy was not met by
anybody at the bus stop.
Some of the vegetables and
fruit were not sold during the day.
The plates were not washed
and put into the cupboard.
This exercise was not done at
the last lesson.
The new pupil was not
introduced to the class.
8. Read and answer the
questions about your last English lesson:
Who was the English lesson
given by?
Who was asked by the teacher?
Was the date written by the
teacher or by the pupil on duty?
Were any written exercise
done during the lesson?
Who was
the blackboard cleaned by?
Were the windows shut or
opened before the lesson?
9. Перепишите
предложения, вставляя глаголы, данные
в скобках, в нужной форме. Прочитайте
написанное.
What marks … you… for
your answer yesterday? (to give)
Who … he … by? (to meet)
How many
games … by the teams? (to play)
On his birthday he … a lot
of presents. (to give)
The holiday meeting …
before Victory Day. (to hold)
The game … with the score
three to two (to lose)
Present Indefinite Passive.
7 класс.
1) Read and compare:
A big
fruit harvest was
gathered
A big fruit harvest is
gathered
every year
last year.
on our farm.
New
blocks of flats were
built
in the New school, factories, and houses are
centre of
the city last year. built
every
year.
Was
the new film shown
last Sunday? Are
new
films shown
every
week in the place?
What was
sold
at that shop in the What is
sold
at the market at this season
afternoon?
of the year?
Wheat was
not grown
in that field Cotton is
not grown in
this part of the country.
last year.
Present Indefinite Passive.
2) Read and answer the
questions.
Who is your school timetable
changed by?
When are the windows of your
classroom opened?
What are sports grounds used
for?
What
fruits are grown where you live?
What holidays are celebrated
in May?
How is your school decorated
before Victory Day?
3)
Перепишите предложения, вставляя
глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующей
форме страдательного залога. Прочитайте
написанное.
Russia…
by the White Sea. (to wash)
Russian… not… during our
English lessons. (to speak)
How… Victory Day usually…?
(to celebrate)
I… always… presents on my
birthday. (to give)
When… letters and
newspapers… to you, in the morning or in the evening? (to bring)
How … towns and villages…
before Victory Day? (to decorate)
4) Read and say:
When is the harvest gathered
in your place?
Who are the schoolchildren’s
mistakes corrected by?
What marks were you given for
history at the last lesson?
Was your English textbook
used by any other pupil?
How much homework are you
given every day?
What presents were you given
on your birthday?
Degrees of comparison.
1) Read and compare.
My
brother comes home late.
Mother
comes home later
than my brother.
Father
comes home from work latest.
soon
sooner
soonest
fast
faster
fastest
near nearer nearest
late laterlatest
early earlier earliest
2) Read and compare.
3) Read:
Don’t talk too loudly.
Don’t skate too fast.
Don’t look at the sun too
long.
I shall come sooner than you.
The girl skates better than
the boy.
Vadim lives nearer than the
other boys.
She likes skiing best of all.
He likes swimming least of
all.
We live farthest.
My mother goes to work as
early as my father.
He does not run so fast as
the other boys.
4) Read and compare.
The sun
shines more
brightly
in May than in March.
The sun
shines most
brightly
in July.
5) Read:
Does Mother come home later
or earlier than Father? – She comes home earlier than father.
Who learns better, Victor or
Nina? – Nina does.
Who runs most slowly, you,
Vera or Sveta? – I do.
Who goes to the cinema more
often, you or your friend? – My friend does.
Who reads least of all in
your form? I don’t know.
All schoolchildren read
much.
6) Read and answer the
questions:
Who lives nearer to your
school, you or your friend?
Do you get up earlier or
later than 7 o’clock?
What sports do you like most
of all?
Can you swim father than the
middle of your river?
Which do you like more,
football or hockey?
Who plays table tennis
better, you or your friend?
Do you
enjoy playing volleyball as much as basketball?
7)
Напиши ответы на следующие ответы:
Who gets up earliest of all
in your family?
For how long do you do
morning exercises?
Do you do your English
exercises correctly or not?
Who lives
farther from your school, you or your friend?
How did the sun shine
yesterday?
How much did you work on the
farm?
8) Read and answer the
questions:
Is Tomsk bigger than St.
Petersburg?
Are the days shorter than the
nights in winter in all parts of Russia?
What are the most beautiful
cities in Russia?
The sun is hot in June. In
what month is it hotter?
Is your friend younger than
you?
Is the weather today better
or worse than yesterday?
9) Read and answer the
questions:
Which is the largest country
in the world?
Which is the smallest
country: Russia, the USA or England?
Which is the longest river:
The Volga, The Neva or the Don?
Which is the most modern
building in your town?
Where is the nearest
bookshop?
Which do you think is the
most interesting film?
10) Read and answer the
questions:
Is your house as from the
school as your friend’s?
Who is the oldest in your
family?
Which is the shortest month
of the year?
Are the days in December as
long as the nights, or are they shorter than the nights?
Is June as sunny as July?
Where is it colder, in the
fields or in the town?
11) Read and answer the
questions:
Whose hair is darker, yours
or your friend’s?
Whose classroom is high and
light?
Is the book you are holding
in your hand yours or the teacher’s?
What country is the largest
country in the world?
Whose desk is nearer to the
blackboard, yours or your friend’s?
My father is a lorry-driver.
What is your friend’s father?
Образование форм passive voice
Временные формы страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола «to be» в соответствующем времени и смыслового глагола в форме причастия прошедшего времени Past Participle (третья форма глагола). Как образовать Participle II?
Таким образом, общая схема образования представлена на картинке:
Таблица временных форм пассивного залога:
Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | |
Present | A picture is painted | A picture is being painted | A picture has been painted |
Past | A picture was painted | A picture was being painted | A picture had been painted |
Future | A picture will be painted | — | A picture will have been painted |
Future — in — the — Past | A picture would be painted | — | A picture would have been painted |
Таким образом, при изменении времени в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол «to be», смысловой глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму – третью ( Past Participle / Participle II.
Выбор временных форм пассивного залога осуществляется на основании тех же правил, что и соответствующих форм активного залога. Наречия времени могут служить маркерами при выборе необходимой формы.
Обратите внимание, что в пассивном залоге отсутствует группа времен Perfect Continuous, нет здесь и формы Future Continuous.
При образовании вопросов в пассивном залоге перед подлежащим ставится либо сам глагол «to be» в соответствующем времени, либо вспомогательный глагол употребляемого грамматического времени.
При образовании отрицательной формы частица not ставится:
1) либо после глагола «to be»
2) либо после вспомогательного глагола употребляемого грамматического времени.
Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
He is asked. | He is not asked. | Is he asked. |
He was asked | He was not asked | Was he asked |
Не will be asked | Не won’t be asked | Will hе be asked |
Не is being asked | Не is not being asked | Is hе being asked |
He was being asked | He was not being asked | Was he being asked |
He has been asked | He hasn’t been asked | Has he been asked |
He had been asked | He hadn’t been asked | Had he been asked |
На сайте есть упражнения на следующие времена страдательного залога:
Давайте немного попрактикуемся в использовании времен пассивного залога.
Упражнение 3. Напишите нужную форму глагола do.
- The work ____________ at the moment.
- The work _______ by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
- The work _______ by the time you come home.
- The work _______ by the time he came home.
- The work __________ yet.
- The work ______ just ______.
- The work _________ while I was getting ready for classes.
- The work __________ two weeks later.
- The work __________ when I entered the room.
Упражнение 4. Расскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужном времени пассивного или активного залога.
The College 1______ officially _________ (open) last week. The college campus 2_________ (build) around a main square. This is the heart of the college as all the paths and walkways lead out from this point. Car parking 3____________ (limit) and, in fact, students 4_________ (not encourage) to come by car as the college 5______________ (serve) by a new bus service.
There 8______ (be) already two open days and a third open 9______ (plan) for next week. So whether you want to start studying or not why don’t you go out to Hardacre and see everything it has to offer.
Упражнение 3
А в этом упражнении на Passive Voice нужно выбрать подходящую форму пассивного залога в зависимости от контекста.
1. The last time I was in the city center, the whole area ________.is renovated;is being renovated;was renovated;was being renovated42.
According to the plan, the old buildings ________ next month.is going to be knocked down;are going to be knocked down;will be knocked down;are knocked down23.
The painting you’re looking at now is quite remarkable. It ________ 5 times!is stolen;was stolen;has been stolen;has been being stolen34.
— Did you go to the party? – No, ________.I’m not invited;I wasn’t invited;I wasn’t being invited;I haven’t been invited25.
How ________ this word ________?are;is;have;has2pronounced;being pronounced;been pronounced;been being pronounced16.
It’s a huge international corporation. Thousands of people ________ there.were employed;are employed;are being employed;have been employed27.
He ________ three months ago and has been unemployed ever since.had been fired;has been fired;was fired;is fired38. When ________ this picture ________?is;was;has;have2being taken;been taken;been being taken;taken49.
I had to spend the night in the airport because my flight ________.is delayed;was delayed;has been delayed;had been delayed410.
The situation is serious. Something ________ before it’s too late.must be done;can’t be done;will be done;has been done111.
Please, go away. I ________ alone.I’m left;I shouldn’t be left;I want to be left;I hate being left312. ________ you ever ________ by a dog?was;were;has;have4been bitten;being bitten;been being bitten;bitten113.
There’s somebody behind us. I think we ________.are followed;are being followed;were being followed;have been followed214.
How many times ________ you ________ not to do this?are;were;have;will3be told;been told;being told;been being told215.
I don’t like ________ what to do.be told;been told;been being told;being told416. It’s a mystery. It ________. can be explained;has been explained;is explained;can’t be explained417.