Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, то глагол употребляется в форме действительного залога (Active voice).
Если же подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, то глагол употребляется в форме страдательного залога (Passive voice).
Времена страдательного залога образуется при помощи глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.
Когда мы употребляем страдательный залог, мы акцентируем внимание на действии, и нам не всегда важно, а иногда неизвестно, кто это действие совершил.

Active voice: William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1602

Passive voice: Hamlet was written in 1602

TenseActivePassive
Simple PresentOnce a week, I clean the houseOnce a week, the house is cleaned by me
Present ContinuousI am writing the letterThe letter is being written by me
Simple PastThey built the house last yearThe house was built last year
Past ContinuousThey were discussing this question when he entered the roomThis question was being discussed when he entered the room
Present PerfectMany visitors have visited that cityThat city has been visited by many visitors
Present Perfect ContinuousMike has been doing this work for two hoursThis work has been being done by Mike for two hours
Past PerfectHe showed me the book which his father had writtenHe showed me the book which had been written by his father
Past Perfect ContinuousThey had been discussing the plan for 3 hours before I came.The plan had been being discussed for 3 hours when I came.
Simple Future
(will)
They will finish the work todayThe work will be finished today
Simple Future
(be going to)
am going to send him a letterA letter is going to be sent by me
Future Continuous
(will)
shall be writing a letter to him tomorrowA letter will be being written tomorrow
Future Perfect (will)We will have translated the article by 3 pm The article will have been translated by 3 pm
Future Perfect
(be going to)
We are going to have translated the article by 3 pmThe article is going to have been translated by 3 pm
Used toused to pay all utility billsAll utility bills used to be paid by me
MustYou must see this filmThis film must be seen
Future Simple in the Past
(would)
He said that they would built the house next yearHe said that the house would be built next year
Future Perfect in the PastI said that I should have built the house by JanuaryI said that the house would have been built by January

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